How to Use a Proximity Sensor with an Arduino?

I'm currently working on a project that involves using a proximity sensor with an Arduino, and I’m looking for guidance on how to set it up. I want to understand the best type of proximity sensor to use, whether it's infrared, ultrasonic, or capacitive, and how to properly wire it to the Arduino board. My goal is to detect objects within a range of 5-10 cm and trigger an action, such as lighting up an LED or activating a small motor.

I came across a post mentioning https://technetronelectronics.com/how-to-use-a-proximity-sensor-with-an-arduino/, but I wasn't able to find the exact resource. I'm hoping someone here has experience with setting up proximity sensors and can provide a step-by-step guide. I also need help with writing the Arduino code to read sensor data and ensure accurate detection without false readings. Troubleshooting tips would be especially useful, as I want to make sure my setup works reliably in different conditions.